Waxaa jira dhowr habab oo lagu diyaariyo alkyl polyglycosides ama alkyl polyglucosides isku darka.Hababka synthetic ee kala duwan waxay u dhexeeyaan dariiqyada stereotactic synthetic iyadoo la adeegsanayo kooxaha difaaca (samaynta xeryahooda si heer sare ah loo xushay) ilaa dariiqyada synthetic ee aan la dooran (isku-darka isomers iyo oligomers).
Nidaam kasta oo wax soo saar oo ku habboon in loo isticmaalo cabbirka warshadaha waa inuu buuxiyaa shuruudo dhowr ah.Waxa ugu muhiimsan in la soo saaro alaab leh sifooyin ku habboon iyo hababka dhaqaale.Waxaa jira dhinacyo kale, sida yaraynta waxyeelada ama qashinka iyo qiiqa.Tignoolajiyada la isticmaalo waa in ay noqotaa mid dabacsan si wax qabadkiisa iyo sifaadka tayada badeecada ay la jaanqaadaan shuruudaha suuqa.
Wax soo saarka warshadaha ee alkyl polyglycosides, hab ku salaysan isku-dhafka Fischer ayaa lagu guuleystay.Horumarkoodu waxa uu bilaabmay ilaa 20 sano ka hor waxana uu sii dardar galiyay tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay.Horumarinta muddadan ayaa u oggolaatay habka isku-dhafka si uu u noqdo mid waxtar leh oo ugu dambeyntii soo jiidasho leh codsiyada warshadaha.Hagaajinta waxay shaqeysaa, gaar ahaan isticmaalka aalkolada silsiladda dheer sida dodecanol/tetradecanol
(C12-14 -OH), ayaa si weyn u hagaajiyay tayada badeecada iyo dhaqaalaha habka.Saldhig warshadeedka casriga ah ee wax soo saarka ee Fischer Synthesis waa qaabka qashinka hooseeya, tiknoolajiyada sii deynta eber.Faa'iidada kale ee Fischer synthesis waa in celceliska heerka polymerization ee alaabta lagu xakameyn karo tiro badan oo sax ah.Sidaa darteed, guryaha la xidhiidha, sida biyo-qulqulka/dhalaalka biyaha, ayaa lagu hagaajin karaa si loo buuxiyo shuruudaha.Intaa waxaa dheer, saldhigga alaabta ceeriin ma saameynayso gulukoosta anhydrous.
1. Qalabka ceeriin ee soo saarista alkyl polyglycosides
1.1 Khamriga dufanka leh
Aalkolada dufanka leh waxaa laga heli karaa cuntada lagu quudiyo batroolka (alkolada dufanka leh) ama khayraadka dabiiciga ah, ee la cusboonaysiin karo sida dufanka iyo saliidaha (alkolada dufanka dabiiciga ah).Isku darka alkolada dufanka leh ayaa loo isticmaalaa isku dhafka alkyl glycosides si loo dhiso qaybta hydrophobic ee molecule.Aalkolada dufanka leh ee dabiiciga ah waxaa lagu helay transesteration iyo kala soocida dufanka iyo dufanka (triglyceride) si ay u sameeyaan dufan acid methyl ester u dhigma, iyo hydrogenated.Iyadoo ku xiran dhererka silsiladda alkyl dufanka leh ee loo baahan yahay, maaddooyinka ugu muhiimsan waa saliidda iyo dufanka: qumbaha ama saliidda kernel ee taxanaha C12-14, iyo tallow, timirta ama saliidda kufsiga ee khamriga baruurta C16-18.
1.2 isha karbohaydraytka
Qaybta hydrophilic ee molecule alkyl polyglycoside waxaa laga soo qaatay karbohaydrayt.
Karbohaydraytyada makromolecular iyo karbohaydraytyada monomer waxay ku salaysan yihiin istaarijka
galley, sarreen ama baradho waxaana loo isticmaali karaa sidii alaabta ceeriin ee diyaarinta alkyl glycosides.Tusaale ahaan, karbohaydraytyada polymerka waxaa ka mid ah heerarka hoos u dhaca istaarijka ama sharoobada gulukooska, halka karbohaydraytyada monomer ay noqon karaan nooc kasta oo gulukoos ah, sida gulukooska anhydrous, gulukooska monohydrate, ama sharoobada gulukooska oo aad hoos u dhacday.
Doorashada alaabta ceeriin ma aha oo kaliya kharashka alaabta ceeriin, laakiin sidoo kale kharashka wax soo saarka.
Guud ahaan, kharashyada alaabta ceeriin waxay kordhiyaan nidaamka istaarijka/glucose sharoobada/glucose monohydrate/glucose-free/glucose-free halka shuruudaha qalabka dhirta iyo markaa qiimaha wax-soo-saarku hoos u dhaco si isku mid ah.(Jaantuska 1)