ALKYL MONOGLUCOSIDES

Alkyl monoglucosides waxaa ku jira hal unug D-glucose.Qaab dhismeedka giraanta ayaa ah mid ka mid ah unugyada D-glucose.Labada giraanood oo shan iyo lix xubnood ah oo ay ku jiraan hal atom oo ogsijiin ah maadaama heteroatomku ay xidhiidh la leeyihiin hababka furan ama pyran.Alkyl D-glucosides oo leh siddo shan xubnood ah ayaa sidaas darteed loo yaqaan alkyl d-glucofuranosides, iyo kuwa leh siddo lix xubnood ah, alkyl D-glucopyranosides.

Dhammaan unugyada D-glucose waxay muujinayaan shaqada acetal oo atamka kaarboonku yahay ka kaliya ee lagu xirayo laba atamka oksijiinta.Tan waxa loo yaqaan atom-ka kaarboonka anomeric ama xarun anomeric ah.Waxa loogu yeero curaarta glycosidic ee leh hadhaaga alkyl, iyo sidoo kale dammaanadda atomka ogsijiinta ee giraanta saccharide, waxay ka timid atom-ka carbon anomeric.Jihaynta silsiladda kaarboon, atamka kaarboon ee unugyada D-glucose ayaa si joogto ah loo tiriyey (C-1 ilaa C-6) oo ka bilaabmaya atamka kaarboonka anomeric.Atamyada oksijiinta waxaa loo tiriyaa hadba sida ay u taagan yihiin silsiladda (O-1 ilaa O-6).Atomka kaarboonka anomeric si asymmetric ahaan ah ayaa loo beddelay oo sidaas awgeed wuxuu qaadan karaa laba qaabayn oo kala duwan.Natiijooyinka stereoisomers waxaa lagu magacaabaa anomers waxaana lagu kala saaraa horgalaha α ama β.Marka loo eego heshiisyada magac-u-yaala waxay muujinayaan in mid ka mid ah labada hab ee suurtogalka ah ee curaarta glycosidic ay tilmaamayso midigta hababka saadaalinta Fischer ee glucosides.Dhab ahaantii liddi ku ah waa run anomers.

Magacaabista kiimikada karbohaydraytyada, magaca alkyl monoglucoside wuxuu ka kooban yahay sidan soo socota: Magacaabista hadhaaga alkyl, qeexida qaabeynta anomeric, xarafka "D-gluc", qeexida qaabka meertada, iyo ku darista dhamaadka" dhinac."Maadaama falcelinta kiimikaad ee saccharides ay badanaa ka dhacaan atamka kaarboonka anomeric ama atomiyada oksijiinta ee kooxaha aasaasiga ah ama sare ee hydroxyl, qaabeynta atamka kaarboonka asymmetrical caadi ahaan isma beddelo, marka laga reebo xarunta anomeric.Marka la eego, magacaabista alkyl glucosides waa mid aad wax ku ool ah, maadaama ereyga "D-gluc" ee saccharide D-glucose ee waalidka lagu hayo haddii ay dhacdo noocyo badan oo falcelin ah oo caadi ah iyo wax ka beddelka kiimikaad waxaa lagu sifeyn karaa dhejisyo.

In kasta oo nidaamyada magac-u-yaalka saccharide loo horumarin karo si ka sii wanaagsan marka loo eego qaacidooyinka saadaalinta Fischer, qaababka Haworth ee leh metelaad wareeg ah ee silsiladda kaarboonka ayaa guud ahaan la door bidaa qaab-dhismeedka saccharide.Saadaasha Haworth waxay siinaysaa aragti ka sii wanaagsan qaab dhismeedka molecular ee unugyada D-glucose waxaana lagu door bidaa qoraalkan.Qaababka Haworth, atamka hydrogen-ka ee ku xidhan giraanta saccharide inta badan lama soo bandhigo.