ALKYL MONOGLUCOSIDES

Alkyl monoglucosides waxaa ku jira hal unug D-glucose. Qaab dhismeedka giraanta ayaa ah mid ka mid ah unugyada D-glucose. Labada giraanood oo shan iyo lix xubnood ah oo ay ku jiraan hal atom oo ogsijiin ah maadaama heteroatomku ay xidhiidh la leeyihiin hababka furan ama pyran. Alkyl D-glucosides oo leh siddo shan xubnood ah ayaa sidaas darteed loo yaqaan alkyl d-glucofuranosides, iyo kuwa leh siddooyin lix xubnood ah, alkyl D-glucopyranosides.

Dhammaan unugyada D-glucose waxay muujinayaan shaqada acetal oo atamka kaarboonku yahay ka kaliya ee lagu xirayo laba atamka oksijiinta. Tan waxa loo yaqaan atom-ka kaarboonka anomeric ama xarun anomeric ah. Waxa loogu yeero curaarta glycosidic ee leh hadhaaga alkyl, iyo sidoo kale dammaanadda atamka oksijiinta ee giraanta saccharide, waxay ka timid atom-ka carbon anomeric. Jihaynta silsiladda kaarboon, atamka kaarboon ee unugyada D-glucose ayaa si joogto ah loo tiriyaa (C-1 ilaa C-6) laga bilaabo atamka kaarboonka anomeric. Atamyada oksijiinta waxaa loo tiriyaa hadba sida ay u taagan yihiin silsiladda (O-1 ilaa O-6). Atomka kaarboonka anomeric si asymmetric ahaan ah ayaa loo beddelay oo sidaas darteed wuxuu qaadan karaa laba qaabeyn oo kala duwan. Natiijooyinka stereoisomers waxaa loo yaqaan anomers waxaana lagu kala saaraa horgalaha α ama β. Marka loo eego heshiisyada magac-u-yaala waxay muujinayaan in mid ka mid ah labada hab ee suurtogalka ah ee curaarta glycosidic ay tilmaamayso midigta hababka saadaalinta Fischer ee glucosides. Dhab ahaantii liddi ku ah waa run anomers.

Magaca magaca kiimikada karbohaydraytyada, magaca alkyl monoglucoside wuxuu ka kooban yahay sida soo socota: Magacaabista hadhaaga alkyl, qeexida qaabeynta anomeric, xarafka "D-gluc", qeexida qaabka meertada, iyo ku darida dhamaadka" dhinac." Maadaama falcelinta kiimikaad ee saccharides ay caadi ahaan ka dhacaan atamka kaarboonka anomeric ama atamka oksijiinta ee kooxaha aasaasiga ah ama sare ee hydroxyl, qaabeynta atamka kaarboonka asymmetrical caadi ahaan isma beddelo, marka laga reebo xarunta anomeric. Marka la eego, magacaabista alkyl glucosides waa mid aad waxtar u leh, maadaama ereyga "D-gluc" ee saccharide waalidka D-glucose lagu hayo haddii ay dhacdo noocyo badan oo falcelin ah oo caadi ah iyo wax ka beddelka kiimikaad waxaa lagu sifeyn karaa dhejisyo.

In kasta oo nidaamyada magac-u-yaalka saccharide loo horumarin karo si ka sii wanaagsan marka loo eego qaacidooyinka saadaalinta Fischer, qaababka Haworth ee leh metelaad wareeg ah ee silsiladda kaarboonka ayaa guud ahaan la door bidaa qaab-dhismeedka saccharides. Saadaasha Haworth waxay siinaysaa aragti ka wanaagsan qaab dhismeedka molecular ee unugyada D-glucose waxaana lagu door bidaa daawayntan. Qaababka Haworth, atamka hydrogen-ka ee ku xidhan giraanta saccharide inta badan lama soo bandhigo.