Hababka transglycosidation iyadoo la isticmaalayo D-glucose sida alaabta ceeriin ah.

Fischer glycosidation waa habka kaliya ee isku-darka kiimikaad ee suurtageliyay horumarinta dhaqaalaha maanta iyo xalalka farsamo ahaan qumman ee wax soo saarka ballaaran ee alkyl polyglucosides. Dhirta wax-soo-saarka ee leh awoodda in ka badan 20,000 t/sanad mar horeba waa la xaqiiqsaday oo waxay balaadhisay kala duwanaanshaha wax soo saarka warshadaha surfactants oo leh wakiilo firfircoon oo korka ka shaqeeya oo ku salaysan alaabta ceeriin ee la cusboonaysiin karo. D-glucose iyo aalkolada dufanka leh ee C8-C16 ee tooska ah ayaa caddeeyey inay yihiin quudinta la doorbido. Educts-yadan waxaa loo rogi karaa dusha-firfircoon alkyl polyglycosides iyada oo loo marayo Fischer glycosylation toos ah ama laba-tallaabo transglycosides of butyl polyglycoside iyadoo ay joogaan aashitada aashitada, oo leh biyo sida wax soo saarka. Biyaha waa in laga nadiifiyaa isku darka falcelinta si loogu beddelo dheellitirka falcelinta xagga alaabta la rabo. Geedi socodka glycosylation, inhomogeneities ee isku dhafka falcelinta waa in laga fogaadaa sababtoo ah waxay u horseedi karaan samaynta xad-dhaafka ah ee waxa loogu yeero polydextrose, taas oo ah mid aan loo baahnayn. Sidaa darteed, xeelado badan oo farsamo ayaa diiradda saaraya isku-dhafka n-glucose iyo khamriga, kuwaas oo ay adag tahay in la marin habaabiyo sababtoo ah kala duwanaanshahooda kala duwan. Inta lagu jiro falcelinta, curaarta glycosidic ayaa la sameeyaa labadaba inta u dhaxaysa aalkolada dufanka leh iyo n-glucose iyo inta u dhaxaysa unugyada n-glucose laftooda. Alkyl polyglucosides ayaa sidaa awgeed u samaysma sida isku dhafka jajabyo leh tirooyin kala duwan oo unug gulukoos ah oo ku jira hadhaaga alkyl silsilad dheer. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah jajabyadan, markeeda, waxay ka kooban tahay dhowr qaybood oo isomeric ah, tan iyo unugyada n-glucose waxay qaataan qaabab kala duwan oo anomeric ah iyo foomamka giraanta ee isku dheelitirnaanta kiimikada inta lagu jiro Fischer glycosidation iyo isku xirka glycosidic ee u dhexeeya unugyada D-glucose waxay ku dhacaan dhowr boos oo isku xiran oo suurtagal ah. . Saamiga anomer ee unugyada D-glucose waa ku dhawaad ​​α/β＝ 2:1 waxayna u muuqataa in ay adagtahay in la saameeyo marka la eego xaaladaha lagu tilmaamay ee Fischer synthesis. Marka la eego xaaladaha heerkulbeegga ah ee la xakameeyey, unugyada n-glucose ee ku jira isku dhafka alaabada waxay u badan yihiin qaabka pyranosides. Celceliska tirada unugyada gulukoosta caadiga ah ee hadhaaga alkyl, waxa loogu yeero heerka polymerization, asal ahaan waa shaqada saamiga molar ee educts inta lagu jiro habka wax soo saarka. Sababo la xiriira sifooyinkooda cajiibka ah, alkyl polyglycosides oo leh shahaado polymerization u dhexeeya 1 iyo 3 ayaa si gaar ah loo door bidaa, sababtaas awgeed qiyaastii 3-10 moles oo aalkolo dufan leh waa in loo adeegsadaa halkii mole ee gulukoosta caadiga ah habkan.

Heerka polymerization ayaa hoos u dhacaya marka ay sii kordhayaan khamriga dufanka leh. Khamriga dufanka leh ee xad-dhaafka ah waa la kala soocaa oo lagu soo kabsadaa iyada oo la adeegsanayo hababka kala-baxa faakuumka talaabooyin badan oo leh uumi-filim soo dhacaya, taas oo suurtogal ka dhigaysa in la yareeyo cadaadiska kulaylka. Heerkulka uumi-baxa waa inuu ahaadaa mid sare oo ku filan iyo wakhtiga xidhiidhka ee aagga kulul muddo dheer oo ku filan si loo hubiyo in si ku filan loo nadiifiyo xad-dhaafka ah ee khamriga dufanka leh iyo qulqulka alkyl polyglucoside dhalaalaysa, iyada oo aan la helin wax falcelin ah oo burbursan. Tallaabooyin taxane ah oo uumi-baxa ayaa si wanaagsan loo adeegsan karaa si loo kala saaro jajabyada ugu horreeya ee karkarinaya, ka dibna tirada ugu weyn ee aalkolada dufanka leh, iyo ugu dambeyntii aalkolada dufanka leh ee soo hartay ilaa alkyl polyglucosides dhalaalayo ayaa la helayaa hadhaaga biyo-milmi kara.

Xitaa marka isku-dhafka iyo uumiga khamriga dufanka leh lagu sameeyo xaaladaha ugu fudud, midab madow oo aan loo baahnayn ayaa dhacaya, oo ku baaqaya hababka bleaching si loo nadiifiyo alaabta. Mid ka mid ah habka bleaching ee caddeeyey inuu ku habboon yahay waa ku-darka oksaydhiyeyaasha sida hydrogen peroxide diyaarinta aqueous ee alkyl polyglucosides ee dhexdhexaadka alkaline ee joogitaanka ion magnesium.

Baaritaanada kala duwan ee la isticmaalo inta lagu guda jiro iskudhafka, shaqada, iyo sifeynta ayaa muujinaya in xitaa maanta aysan wali jirin guud ahaan xalal "turnkey" oo lagu dabaqi karo helitaanka darajooyinka alaabta gaarka ah. Taa lidkeeda, dhammaan tillaabooyinka geeddi-socodku waxay u baahan yihiin in la soo saaro, si wadajir ah loo hagaajiyo, lana hagaajiyo. Cutubkani waxa uu soo jeediyay talooyin oo tilmaamay qaar ka mid ah siyaabaha la hirgelin karo ee lagu samayn karo xalal farsamo, iyo sidoo kale sheegaya xaaladaha kiimikaad iyo jireed ee samaynta falcelinta, kala-soocidda, iyo hababka sifaynta.

Dhammaan saddexda geeddi-socod ee muhiimka ah - transglycosidation isku mid ah, habka slurry, iyo farsamada quudinta gulukooska-waxaa loo isticmaali karaa xaaladaha warshadaha. Inta lagu jiro transglycosidation, fiirsashada dhexdhexaadiyaha butyl polyglucoside, kaas oo u dhaqma sidii solubilizer ee educts D-glucose iyo butanol, waa in lagu hayaa in ka badan 15% isku darka falcelinta si looga fogaado is-qabqabsiga. Isla ujeeddada la mid ah, xoojinta biyaha ee isku-darka falcelinta ee loo shaqaaleysiiyay isku-darka tooska ah ee Fischer ee alkyl polyglucosides waa in lagu hayaa wax ka yar 1% . Markay biyaha sare ku jiraan waxa jirta khatar ah in loo beddelo kooraska D-glucose-ka crystalline-ka ah ee la hakiyey oo loo beddelo tiro takid ah, taas oo markaa keeni doonta habayn xun iyo polymerization xad-dhaaf ah. Kicinta wax ku oolka ah iyo isku-dhafka waxay kor u qaaddaa qaybinta ganaaxa iyo falcelinta kristal D-glucose ee isku dhafka falcelinta.

Labada arrimood ee farsamada iyo dhaqaalaha waa in la tixgeliyo marka la dooranayo habka isku-dhafka iyo kala duwanaanshihiisa ka sii casrisan. Hababka transglycosidation-ka isku midka ah ee ku salaysan sharoobada D-glucose ayaa si gaar ah ugu habboon wax soo saarka joogtada ah ee cabbir ballaaran. Waxay u ogolaadaan kayd joogto ah oo ku saabsan crystallization ee alaabta ceeriin D-glucose ee silsiladda qiimaha-daray, taas oo ka badan magdhow ka badan maalgelinta hal mar ee tallaabada transglycosidation iyo soo kabashada butanol. Isticmaalka n-butanol ma soo bandhigto faa'iido darrooyin kale, maadaama dib loo warshadayn karo ku dhawaad ​​​​dhammaantood si ay u ururinta hadhaaga alaabada dhamaadka ah ee la soo kabsaday ay yihiin qaybo yar oo keliya halkii milyan, taas oo loo tixgelin karo mid aan muhiim ahayn. Fischer glycosidation tooska ah iyadoo loo eegayo habka qulqulka ama farsamada quudinta gulukooska ayaa bixisa tallaabada transglycosidation iyo soo kabashada butanol. Waxa kale oo loo samayn karaa si joogto ah oo ku baaqaysa kharash raasumaalka wax yar ka hooseeya.

Helitaanka mustaqbalka iyo qiimaha fossil iyo alaabta ceeriin ee la cusboonaysiin karo, iyo sidoo kale horumaro farsamo oo dheeri ah oo ku saabsan wax soo saarka iyo adeegsiga alkyl polyglucosides, ayaa laga yaabaa in la filayo inay saameyn weyn ku yeeshaan horumarinta mugga suuqa dambe iyo awoodaha wax soo saarka. Xalalka farsamada ee jira ee horeba ugu jiray soo saarista iyo isticmaalka alkyl polyglucosides ayaa laga yaabaa inay siin karaan tartan muhiim ah suuqa-surfactants shirkadaha soo saaray ama horayba u shaqaaleysiiyay hababkan. Tani waxay si gaar ah run u tahay haddii ay dhacdo qiimaha saliidda cayriin oo sarreeya iyo qiimaha badarka oo hooseeya. Maadaama kharashyada wax soo saarka go'an ay yihiin kuwo heer dhaqameed ah oo loogu talagalay surfactants warshadaha, xitaa hoos u dhac yar oo ku yimaada qiimaha alaabta ceeriin ee asalka ah ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku booriso beddelka alaabta surfactants waxayna si cad u dhiirigelin kartaa rakibidda dhirta wax soo saarka cusub ee alkyl polyglucosides.