Astaamaha Alkyl Polyglucosides

Si la mid ah polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers,alkyl polyglycosidesinta badan waa surfactants farsamo. Waxaa lagu soo saaraa habab kala duwan oo Fischer synthesis ah waxayna ka kooban yihiin qaybinta noocyada leh heerar kala duwan oo glycosidation ah oo lagu muujiyay celceliska n-qiimaha. Tan waxaa lagu qeexaa saamiga wadarta cadadka gulukooska iyo molarka alkohol dufanka leh ee alkyl polyglucoside, iyada oo la tixgelinayo celceliska miisaanka kelli marka la isku daro aalkolada dufanka leh ee la shaqeeyo. Sida aan horayba u soo sheegnay badi alkyl polyglucosides muhiimadda codsiga waxay leeyihiin celcelis n-qiimaha 1.1-1.7. Sidaa darteed, waxay ka kooban yihiin alkyl monoglucosides iyo alkyl diglucosides oo ah qaybaha ugu muhiimsan, iyo sidoo kale qadar yar oo ah alkyl triglucosides, alkyl tetraglucosides, iwm. iskudhafka polyglucose, iyo cusbada, inta badan ay sabab u tahay catalysis (1.5-2.5%), ayaa had iyo jeer jira. Tirooyinka waxaa lagu xisaabiyaa marka la eego walxaha firfircoon. Halka polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers ama ethoxylates kale oo badan lagu qeexi karo si aan madmadow lahayn iyadoo la qaybinayo miisaanka kelli, sharaxaad la mid ah macnaheedu maaha mid ku filan alkyl polyglucosides sababtoo ah isomerism kala duwan ayaa keenaya noocyo kala duwan oo kakan oo kala duwan. Farqiga u dhexeeya labada qaybood ee kor-u-kaca ayaa keenaya in siyaalo kala duwan ay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaan is dhexgalka xooggan ee kooxaha madaxa iyo biyaha iyo qayb ka mid ah midba midka kale.

Kooxda ethoxylate ee polyoxyethylene alkyl ether waxay si xoog leh ula falgalaan biyaha, samaynta bonds hydrogen ka dhexeeya oxygen ethylene iyo biyaha molecules, sidaas darteed dhista qolof fuuq micellar halkaas oo qaab dhismeedka biyuhu ka weyn yahay (entropy hoose iyo enthalpy) marka loo eego biyaha badan. Qaab dhismeedka fuuq-celinta ayaa ah mid aad u firfircoon. Caadi ahaan inta u dhaxaysa laba iyo saddex unugyo biyo ah ayaa ku xidhan koox kasta oo EO ah.

Iyadoo la tixgelinayo koox-kooxeedka glucosyl oo leh saddex hawlood oo OH ah oo loogu talagalay monoglucoside ama toddobo diglucoside ah, habdhaqanka alkyl glucoside ayaa la filayaa inuu aad uga duwan yahay kan ether-yada polyoxyethylene alkyl. Ka sokow is dhexgalka xooggan ee biyaha, waxaa sidoo kale jira xoogag u dhexeeya kooxaha madaxa-bannaan ee miceles iyo sidoo kale wejiyada kale. Halka ether-ka polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers ee la midka ah keligiis ay yihiin dareere ama adkaha dhalaalkoodu hooseeyo, alkyl polyglucosides waa adkaha dhalaalista sare leh sababtoo ah isku xidhka hydrogen intermolecular ee ka dhexeeya kooxaha glucosyl ee deriska ah. Waxay soo bandhigaan sifooyin crystalline dareere heerkulbeegyo kala duwan, sida hoos looga hadli doono. Isku-xidhka haydaroojiinka intermolecular ee ka dhexeeya kooxaha madaxa ayaa sidoo kale ka mas'uul ah milmahooda hoose ee biyaha marka la barbardhigo.

Sida gulukoosta lafteeda, is dhexgalka kooxda glucosyl iyo molecules biyaha ku hareeraysan waxaa sabab u ah isku xidhka hydrogen oo ballaaran. Gulukoosta, fiirsashada unugyaraha biyaha tetrahedrally habaysan ayaa ka sarreeya biyaha oo keliya. Sidaa darteed, gulukoosta, iyo malaha sidoo kale alkyl glucosides, ayaa loo kala saari karaa inay yihiin "qaab-sameeyeyaal," dabeecad si tayo leh ula mid ah kan ethoxylates.

Marka la barbardhigo hab-dhaqanka ethoxylate micelle, joogteynta dielectric interfacial ee joogtada ah ee alkyl glucoside aad ayuu uga sarreeyaa oo wuxuu la mid yahay kan biyaha marka loo eego kan ethoxylate. Markaa, gobolka ku xeeran kooxaha madaxa ee alkyl glucoside micelle waa biyo-u eg.