HABKA LOO SAMEYNAYO ALKYL GLUCOSIDES

Fischer glycosidation waa habka kaliya ee isku-darka kiimikaad ee suurtageliyay horumarinta dhaqaalaha maanta iyo xalalka farsamo ahaan qumman ee wax soo saarka ballaaran ee alkyl polyglucosides. Dhirta wax-soo-saarka ee leh awoodda in ka badan 20,000 t/sanad mar horeba waa la xaqiiqsaday oo waxay balaadhisay kala duwanaanshaha wax soo saarka warshadaha surfactants oo leh wakiilo firfircoon oo korka ka shaqeeya oo ku salaysan alaabta ceeriin ee la cusboonaysiin karo. D-glucose iyo aalkolada dufanka leh ee C8-C16 ee tooska ah ayaa caddeeyey inay yihiin quudinta la doorbido. Educts-yadan waxaa loo rogi karaa dusha-firfircoon alkyl polyglucosides iyada oo la adeegsanayo Fischer glycosidation toos ah ama laba-tallaabo transglycosidation iyada oo loo marayo butyl polyglucoside iyadoo ay joogaan kiciyayaal asiidh ah, oo leh biyo sida wax soo saarka. Biyaha waa in laga nadiifiyaa isku darka falcelinta si loogu beddelo dheellitirka falcelinta xagga alaabta la rabo. Inta lagu jiro geeddi-socodka glycosidation, inhomogeneities ee isku dhafka falcelinta waa in laga fogaadaa, sababtoo ah waxay keenayaan samaynta xad-dhaafka ah ee waxa loogu yeero polyglucosides, kuwaas oo aan loo baahnayn. Xeelado farsamo oo badan ayaa sidaas darteed xoogga saaraya isku-dhafka n-glucose-ka iyo alkolada, kuwaas oo si liidata loo marin-habaabiyay sababtoo ah kala duwanaanshahooda polarity. Inta lagu jiro falcelinta, curaarta glycosidic ayaa la sameeyaa labadaba inta u dhaxaysa aalkolada dufanka leh iyo n-glucose iyo inta u dhaxaysa unugyada n-glucose laftooda. Alkyl polyglucosides ayaa sidaa awgeed u samaysma sida isku dhafka jajabyo leh tirooyin kala duwan oo unug gulukoos ah oo ku jira hadhaaga alkyl silsilad dheer. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah jajabyadan, markeeda, waxay ka kooban tahay dhowr qaybood oo isomeric ah, tan iyo unugyada n-glucose waxay qaataan qaabab kala duwan oo anomeric ah iyo foomamka giraanta ee isku dheelitirnaanta kiimikada inta lagu jiro Fischer glycosidation iyo isku xirka glycosidic ee u dhexeeya unugyada D-glucose waxay ku dhacaan dhowr boos oo isku xiran oo suurtagal ah. . Saamiga anomer ee unugyada D-glucose waa ku dhawaad ​​α/β＝ 2:1 waxayna u muuqataa in ay adagtahay in la saameeyo marka la eego xaaladaha lagu tilmaamay ee Fischer synthesis. Marka la eego xaaladaha heerkulbeegga ah ee la xakameeyey, unugyada n-glucose ee ku jira isku dhafka alaabada waxay u badan yihiin qaabka pyranosides. Celceliska tirada unugyada n-glucose ee hadhaaga alkyl, waxa loogu yeero darajada polymerization, asal ahaan waa shaqo ka mid ah saamiga molarka ee educts inta lagu jiro soo saarista. Iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay xidhiidhkooda saxda ah ee surfactant [1], doorbidid gaar ah ayaa la siiyaa alkyl polyglucosides oo leh darajooyin polymerization inta u dhaxaysa 1 iyo 3, kaas oo ku dhawaad ​​​​3-10 mol aalkolada dufanka leh ay tahay in loo isticmaalo mole of n-glucose habka.

Heerka polymerization ayaa hoos u dhacaya marka khamriga dufanka leh ee dheeraadka ah uu kordho. Aalkolada dufanka leh ee xad-dhaafka ah ayaa la kala soocaa oo lagu soo kabsadaa habka nuugista faakuumka faakuumka ee tillaabo badan leh oo leh uumi-baxayaasha filimka dhacaya, si diiqada kulaylka loo ilaaliyo ugu yaraan. Heerkulka uumi-baxa waa inuu ahaadaa mid sare oo ku filan iyo wakhtiga xidhiidhka ee aagga kulul muddo dheer oo ku filan si loo hubiyo nadiifinta ku filan khamriga dufanka leh ee dheeraadka ah iyo qulqulka alkyl polyglucoside-ka oo dhalaalaysa iyada oo aan wax falcelin ah samaynta bararsan Tallaabooyin taxane ah oo uumi-baxa ayaa si faa'iido leh loo isticmaali karaa si marka hore loo kala saaro jajabka hooseeya, ka dibna qadarka ugu weyn ee khamriga dufanka leh, iyo ugu dambeyntii khamriga dufanka leh ee soo haray, ilaa alkyl polyglycoside uu dhalaalayo sida hadhaaga biyo-milmi kara.

Xataa marka lagu hoos jiro xaaladaha ugu fudud ee isku-dhafka iyo uumiga alkolada dufanka leh, midab madow oo aan loo baahnayn ayaa dhacaya, iyo hababka bleaching ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo nadiifiyo alaabta. Mid ka mid ah habka warankiilo ee la xaqiijiyay ku habboon waa in lagu daro wakiilka oksaydhiyaha, sida hydrogen peroxide, qaabaynta aqueous of alkyl polyglycoside ee dhexdhexaad ah alkaline joogitaanka ions magnesium.

Daraasadaha kala duwan ee loo isticmaalo isku-darka, hab-socodka ka dib iyo habka sifaynta ayaa dammaanad qaadaya in xitaa maanta, aysan weli jirin xal "turnkey" oo ballaaran oo lagu dabaqi karo si loo helo darajada alaabta gaarka ah. Taas beddelkeeda, dhammaan tillaabooyinka geeddi-socodka waxay u baahan yihiin in la qaabeeyo. Dongfu waxay bixisaa qaar ka mid ah talooyinka naqshadeynta xalka iyo xalalka farsamada, waxayna sharraxaysaa xaaladaha kiimikada iyo jireed ee falcelinta, kala-soocidda iyo habka sifaynta.

Dhammaan saddexda geeddi-socod ee muhiimka ah - transglycosidation isku mid ah, habka slurry, iyo farsamada quudinta gulukooska-waxaa loo isticmaali karaa xaaladaha warshadaha. Inta lagu jiro transglycosidation, fiirsashada dhexdhexaadiyaha butyl polyglucoside, kaas oo u dhaqma sidii solubilizer ee educts D-glucose iyo butanol, waa in lagu hayaa in ka badan 15% isku darka falcelinta si looga fogaado is-qabqabsiga. Isla ujeeddada la mid ah, xoojinta biyaha ee isku-darka falcelinta ee loo shaqaaleysiiyay isku-darka tooska ah ee Fischer ee alkyl polyglucosides waa in lagu hayaa wax ka yar 1% . Markay biyaha sare ku jiraan waxa jirta khatar ah in loo beddelo kooraska D-glucose-ka crystalline-ka ah ee la hakiyey oo loo beddelo tiro takid ah, taas oo markaa keeni doonta habayn xun iyo polymerization xad-dhaaf ah. Kicinta wax ku oolka ah iyo isku-dhafka waxay kor u qaaddaa qaybinta ganaaxa iyo falcelinta kristal D-glucose ee isku dhafka falcelinta.

Labada arrimood ee farsamada iyo dhaqaalaha waa in la tixgeliyo marka la dooranayo habka isku-dhafka iyo kala duwanaanshihiisa ka sii casrisan. Hababka transglycosidation-ka isku midka ah ee ku salaysan sharoobada D-glucose ayaa si gaar ah ugu habboon wax soo saarka joogtada ah ee cabbir ballaaran. Waxay u ogolaadaan kayd joogto ah oo ku saabsan crystallization ee alaabta ceeriin D-glucose ee silsiladda qiimaha-daray, taas oo ka badan magdhow ka badan maalgelinta hal mar ee tallaabada transglycosidation iyo soo kabashada butanol. Isticmaalka n-butanol ma soo bandhigto faa'iido darrooyin kale, maadaama dib loo warshadayn karo ku dhawaad ​​​​dhammaantood si ay u ururinta hadhaaga alaabada dhamaadka ah ee la soo kabsaday ay yihiin qaybo yar oo keliya halkii milyan, taas oo loo tixgelin karo mid aan muhiim ahayn. Fischer glycosidation tooska ah iyadoo loo eegayo habka qulqulka ama farsamada quudinta gulukooska ayaa bixisa tallaabada transglycosidation iyo soo kabashada butanol. Waxa kale oo loo samayn karaa si joogto ah oo ku baaqaysa kharash raasumaalka wax yar ka hooseeya.

Mustaqbalka, sahayda iyo qiimaha fossil iyo alaabta ceeriin ee la cusboonaysiin karo, iyo sidoo kale horumarka tignoolajiyada dheeraadka ah ee wax soo saarka alkyl polysaccharides, waxay saameyn weyn ku yeelan doontaa awoodda suuqa iyo awoodda wax soo saarka ee horumarinta iyo codsiga. Saldhigga polysaccharide wuxuu horey u leeyahay xalal farsamo oo u gaar ah kaas oo ku siin kara faa'iidooyin tartan oo muhiim ah suuqa daaweynta dusha sare ee shirkadaha horumariya ama qaatay hababkaas. Tani waxay si gaar ah run u tahay marka qiimuhu sarreeyo ama hooseeyo. Qiimaha wax soo saarka ee wakiilka wax soo saarka ayaa kor u kacay heerka caadiga ah, xitaa haddii qiimaha alaabta ceeriin ee maxaliga ah ay wax yar hoos u dhacaan, waxaa laga yaabaa inay hagaajiyaan beddelka surfactants waxayna dhiirigelin kartaa rakibidda dhirta cusub ee alkyl polysaccharide.