Warshadaha daaweynta dusha sare

  Dusha sare ee alaabta la dahaadhay waa in si fiican loo daaweeyaa ka hor inta aan la damin. Hoos-u-dhigga iyo xoqidda waa geeddi-socod lama huraan ah, iyo qaar ka mid ah meelaha birta ah waxay u baahan yihiin in si fiican loo nadiifiyo ka hor daaweynta. APG ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa goobtan.

Codsiga APG ee nadiifinta iyo hoos u dhigista ka hor iyo ka dib daahan birta ah iyo korantada. Surfactants-ka-kaliya waxay leeyihiin hadhaaga cad ka dib nadiifinta, kuwaas oo aan buuxin karin shuruudaha hoos u dhigista dahaarka (heerka nadiifinta wasakhda saliidda macmal ≥98%). Sidaa darteed, si loo hagaajiyo waxqabadka wakiilada birta nadiifinta waxay u baahan yihiin inay ku daraan Alkyl Polyglucoside. Saamaynta nadiifka ah ee isku-darka APG 0814 iyo isomeric C13 polyoxyethylene ether waa ka badan tahay isku-darka AEO-9 iyo isomeric C13 polyoxyethylene ether. Cilmi-baarayaashu waxay maraan tijaabo taxane ah oo shaashad ah iyo tijaabo orthogonal. Isku darka APG0814 iyo AEO-9, isomeric C13 polyoxyethylene ether, K12, oo lagu daray saldhigyo aan dabiici ahayn, wax-dhisayaasha, iwm. hel budo-saaxiibtinimo-eco-saaxiibtinimo, kaas oo lagu dabaqo daawaynta nadiifinta dusha birta ah ee aan fosfooraska ahayn. Wax qabadkeeda dhamaystiran waxa uu la mid yahay BH-11 (awood hoos u dhigista fosfooraska) ee suuqa. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay doorteen dhowr surfactants oo aad u sarreeya, sida APG, AES, AEO-9 iyo shaaha saponin (TS), waxayna ku biiriyeen iyaga si ay u horumariyaan nadiifinta biyaha ku salaysan deegaanka-saaxiibtinimo kaas oo loo adeegsaday habka hore ee daahan birta ah. Cilmi baaristu waxay muujineysaa in APG C12 ~ 14/AEO-9 iyo APG C8 ~ 10/AEO-9 waxay leeyihiin saameyn isku mid ah. Ka dib marka la isku daro APGC12 ~ 14 / AEO-9, qiimaha CMC ayaa la dhimay 0.050 g / L, ka dib markii la isku daro APG C8 ~ 10 / AEO -9, qiimaha CMC ayaa hoos loo dhigay 0.025g / L. Isku mid ah saamiga tirada guud ee AE0-9/APG C8 ~ 10 ayaa ah habka ugu fiican. Per m(APG C8~10): m(AEO-9)=1:1, xooga saaridu waa 3g/L₂CO₃Kaaliyaha u ah wakiilka nadiifinta birta, heerka nadiifinta wasakhowga saliidda macmal ah wuxuu gaari karaa 98.6%. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay kaloo daraasad ku sameeyeen awoodda nadiifinta ee daaweynta dusha sare ee 45 # birta iyo HT300 ee birta cawlan, oo leh dhibic sare oo daruur ah iyo heerka nadiifinta APG0814, Peregal 0-10 iyo polyethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether nonionic surfactants iyo heerka nadiifinta sare ee surfactants anionic AOS.

heerka nadiifinta ee hal qayb APG0814 wuxuu ku dhow yahay AOS, wax yar ka sarreeya Peregal 0-10; CMC ee labadii hore waa 5g/L ka hooseeya kan dambe. Isku-dubarid afar nooc oo surfactants ah oo lagu kabo ka-hortagga miridhku iyo waxyaabo kale oo lagu daro si loo helo wax ku ool ah oo deegaanka saaxiibtinimo leh wakiilka wasakhda saliidda ee biyaha ku salaysan, oo leh waxtarka nadiifinta in ka badan 90%. Iyada oo loo marayo tijaabooyin taxane ah oo orthogonal ah iyo tijaabooyin shuruudaysan, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay daraasad ku sameeyeen saamaynta dhowr surfactants ee saamaynta hoos u dhaca. Nidaamka muhiimka ah waa K12> APG> JFC> AE0-9, APG ayaa ka fiican AEO-9, oo ka shaqee qaacidada ugu fiican waa K12 6%, AEO-9 2.5%, APG 2.5%, JFC 1%, oo lagu daray kuwa kale wax lagu daro. Heerka saarista saliidda wasakhowga saliidda ee meelaha birta ah ayaa ka badan 99%, deegaan-saaxiibtinimo iyo noole deg deg ah. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay doortaan sodium lignosulfonate oo leh nadiifin xooggan iyo biodegradability wanaagsan si loogu daro APGC8-10 iyo AEO-9, iyo is-dhexgalka ayaa wanaagsan.

Wakiilka nadiifinta aluminium aluminium. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay sameeyeen wakiilka nadiifinta dhexdhexaadka ah ee alwaaxyada aluminium-zinc, isku-darka APG iyo ethoxy-propyloxy, C8 ~ C10 dufanka dufanka leh, methyloxylate dufan (CFMEE) iyo NPE 3% ~ 5% iyo khamriga, wax lagu daro, iwm. Waxay leedahay hawlaha emulsification, kala firdhisanaanta iyo dhexgalka, degreasing iyo dewaxing si loo gaaro nadiifinta dhexdhexaad ah, ma daxalka ama midab aluminium, zinc iyo daawaha. Wakiilka nadiifinta aluminium aluminium magnesium ayaa sidoo kale la sameeyay. Cilmi baaristu waxay muujineysaa in ether-ka khamriga isomeric iyo APG ay leeyihiin saameyn isku-dhafan, sameynta lakab isku-dhafan monomolecular oo isku-dhafan oo isku-dhafan oo isku-dhafan oo ku jira gudaha xalka, taas oo hagaajinaysa awoodda isku-xidhka ee surfactant iyo wasakhda saliidda, si kor loogu qaado awoodda nadiifinta wakiilka nadiifinta. Marka lagu daro APG, xiisadda dusha sare ee nidaamka ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah hoos ugu dhacda. Marka qadarka dheeriga ah ee alkyl glycoside uu dhaafo 5%, xiisadda dusha sare ee nidaamku wax badan iskama beddeleyso, qadarka dheeriga ah ee alkyl glycoside waa 5% oo la doorbido. Caanaha caadiga ah waa: ethanolamine 10%, Iso-tridecyl alkohol polyoxyethylene ether 8%, APG08105%, potassium pyrophosphate 5%; Tetrasodium hydroxy ethyldiphosphonate 5%, sodium molybdate 3%, propylene glycol methyl ether 7%, biyo 57%,Wakiilka nadiifinta waa alkaline daciif ah, oo leh saameyn nadiifin wanaagsan, daxalka hoose ee aluminium aluminium magnesium, biodegradation fudud, iyo deegaanka saaxiibtinimo. Marka qaybaha kale aysan isbeddelin, xagasha taabashada ee dusha daawaha waxay kor u kacdaa 61 ° ilaa 91 ° ka dib markii isotridecanol polyoxyethylene ether lagu beddelay APG0810, taas oo muujinaysa in saamaynta nadiifinta APG0810 ay ka fiican tahay kuwii hore.

Intaa waxaa dheer, APG waxay leedahay sifooyin ka-hortagga daxalka oo ka wanaagsan aluminium aluminium. Kooxda hydroxyl ee ku jirta qaabdhismeedka molecular ee APG waxay si fudud ula falgalaan aluminium si ay u keenaan xayeysiis kiimikaad. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay daraasad ku sameeyeen saamaynta ka-hortagga daxalka ee dhowr waxyaalood oo caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo aluminium aluminium. Marka la eego xaaladda acidic ee pH = 2, saamaynta xakamaynta daxalka ee APG (C12 ~ 14) iyo 6501 ayaa ka fiican. Nidaamkeeda saamaynta xakamaynta daxalka waa APG> 6501> AEO-9> LAS> AES, kuwaas oo APG, 6501 ay ka fiican tahay.

Qadarka daxalka ee APG ee dusha sare ee daawaha aluminium waa 0.25 mg oo keliya, laakiin kuwa kale saddex xal surfactant 6501, AEO-9 iyo LAS ku saabsan 1 ~ 1.3 mg. Marka la eego xaaladda alkaline ee Ph=9, saamaynta daxalka ee APG iyo 6501 ayaa ka wanaagsan. Marka laga soo tago xaalada alkaline, APG waxay soo bandhigaysaa muuqaalka saamaynta fiirsashada.

Xalka NaOH ee 0.1mol / L, saameynta xannibaadda daxalka waxay kordhin doontaa tallaabo tallaabo tallaabo ah oo ay la socoto kororka xoojinta APG ilaa laga gaaro heerka ugu sarreeya (1.2g / L), ka dibna korodhka xoojinta, saameynta daxalka xannibaadda ayaa dib u dhici doonta.

Kuwo kale, sida birta aan lahayn, nadiifinta birta. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay soo saareen saabuun loogu talagalay oksaydhka birta-la'aanta ah. Waxay ka kooban tahay 30% ~ 50% cyclodextrin, 10% ~ 20% organic acid iyo 10% ~ 20% surfactant composite. Surfactant-ka isku-dhafka ah ee la xusay waa APG, oleate sodium,6501(1:1:1), kaas oo saameyn wanaagsan ku leh nadiifinta oksaydhka. Waxay awood u leedahay in ay beddesho wakiilka nadiifinta lakabka oksaydhka birta ah ee aan-lahayn kaas oo u badan aashitada inorganic hadda.

Waxaa sidoo kale la sameeyay wakiilka nadiifinta ee nadiifinta dusha bilayska, kaas oo ka kooban APG iyo K12, sodium oleate, hydrochloric acid, ferric chloride, ethanol iyo biyo saafi ah. Dhinaca kale, ku darida APG waxay yaraynaysaa xiisadda dusha sare ee foornada, taas oo waxtar u leh xalka si uu si fiican ugu faafo dusha sare ee foornada iyo kor u qaadida ka saarida lakabka oksaydhka; Dhanka kale, APG waxay samayn kartaa xumbo dusha sare ee xalka, taas oo si weyn u yaraynaysa ceeryaamaha aashitada. Si loo yareeyo waxyeelada ay u leedahay hawlwadeenka iyo saamaynta daxalka ah ee qalabka, Dhanka kale, adsorption kiimikada intermolecular adsorb kartaa dhaqdhaqaaqa organic ee meelaha qaar ka mid ah dusha of molecules yar yar si ay u abuuraan xaalado badan oo wanaagsan oo ku xiga habka xidhitaanka organic.