Shuruudaha naqshadeynta ee warshad wax-soo-saarka alkyl glycoside ee ku salaysan isku-dhafka Fisher waxay inta badan ku xiran tahay nooca karbohaydrayt ee la isticmaalo iyo dhererka silsiladda khamriga ee la isticmaalo. Wax soo saarka alkyl glycosides-biyo-milmi leh oo ku salaysan octanol / decanol iyo dodecanol / tetradecanol ayaa markii hore la soo bandhigay. Alkyl polyglycosides kuwaas oo, DP la siiyay, aan ku milmi karin biyaha aawadood alkolada la isticmaalay (tirada C atamka ee alkyl chian≥16) ayaa si gaar ah loola macaamilaa.
Marka la eego xaaladda alkyl polyglucoside synthesis catalyzed by acid, alaabta labaad sida polyglucose ether iyo wasakhda midab leh ayaa la abuuraa.Polyglucose waa walax amorphous ah oo ay sameeyeen glycosyl polymerization inta lagu guda jiro habka synthesis.The nooca iyo diirada falcelinta labaad waxay ku xiran tahay halbeegyada habka, sida heerkulka, cadaadiska, waqtiga falcelinta, kicinta ee horumarinta polyglycoside warshadaha. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay waa in la yareeyo sameynta alaabada labaad ee la xiriirta isku-dhafka.
Guud ahaan, alkohol-ku-salaysan silsilad-gaaban (C8/10-OH) iyo DP hooseeya (khamriga badan oo khamriga ah) alkyl glycosides ayaa leh dhibaatooyinka ugu yar ee wax soo saarka. Marxaladda falcelinta, kororka khamriga xad-dhaafka ah, wax soo saarka alaabada labaad ayaa hoos u dhacda. Waxay yaraynaysaa cadaadiska kulaylka waxayna ka saartaa aalkolada xad-dhaafka ah inta lagu jiro samaynta alaabta pyrolysis.
Fisher glycosides waxa lagu tilmaami karaa hab ay gulukoosku si degdeg ah uga falceliso tallaabada ugu horreysa, isla markaana la gaadho dheellitirnaan oligomer ah.Tallaabadan waxaa raacda hoos u dhac gaabis ah oo ah alkyl glycosides. Habka hoos u dhaca waxa ku jira tillaabooyin ay ka mid yihiin dealkylation iyo polymerization, taas oo, marka la kordhiyo uruurinta, aan dib loo rogin waxay sameysaa falcelin heerkulbeeg ah oo ka badan waqti isku dhafan polyglucose. falcelinta ayaa la joojiyaa xilli hore, isku darka falcelinta ka dhalatay ayaa ka kooban xaddi badan oo gulukoos haraaga ah.
Luminta walxaha firfircoon ee alkyl glucoside ee isku dhafka falcelinta waxay xiriir wanaagsan la leedahay sameynta polyglucose. Marka la eego falcelinta xad-dhaafka ah, isku darka falcelinta ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u noqotaa polyphase mar kale iyada oo loo marayo roobabka polyglucose. Sidaa darteed, tayada badeecada iyo wax-soo-saarka badeecada ayaa si dhab ah u saameeya wakhtiga joojinta falcelinta. Laga bilaabo gulukooska adag, alkyl glycosides ee alaabta sare ayaa ka hooseeya, taas oo u oggolaanaysa qaybaha kale ee polar (polyglucose) iyo inta soo hartay ee karbohaydraytyada in si buuxda loo sifeeyo.
Habka la wanaajiyey, fiirsashada badeecada etherification waa mid aad u hooseeya (waxay kuxirantahay heerkulka falcelinta, waqtiga, nooca kicinta iyo feejignaanta, iwm.).
Jaantuska 4 wuxuu muujinayaa habka caadiga ah ee falcelinta tooska ah ee dextrose iyo aalkolada dufanka leh (C12/14-OH).

Heerkulka iyo cadaadiska cabbiraadaha falcelinta waxay si dhow ula xiriiraan midba midka kale ee falcelinta fischer glycation.Si loo soo saaro alkyl polyglycosides oo leh alaabooyin hoose oo hooseeya, cadaadiska iyo heerkulka waa in la waafajiyaa midba midka kale oo si adag loo xakameeyo.
Alkyl polyglycosides waxay ku hooseeyaan alaabada sare ee ay sababtay heerkulka falcelinta hoose (100 ℃) ee acetalization. Si kastaba ha noqotee, heerkulka hooseeya wuxuu keenaa waqtiyo falcelin oo aad u dheer (waxay kuxirantahay dhererka silsiladda khamriga) iyo waxtarka fal-celinta gaarka ah oo hooseeya. Heerkulka dareen-celinta ee u dhiganta sare (100 ℃, sida caadiga ah 110-120 ℃) waxay keeni kartaa isbeddel ku yimaada midabka karbohaydraytyada. Adiga oo ka saaraya alaabada falcelinta ee karkarinta hoose (biyaha ku jira isku-dhafka tooska ah, alkolada silsilad-gaaban ee habka transacetalization) ee isku dhafka falcelinta, dheellitirka acetalization ayaa loo wareejiyay dhinaca alaabta. Haddii xaddi badan oo biyo ah la soo saaro halbeeg kasta, tusaale ahaan heerkulka falcelinta sare, waa in la sameeyaa si wax ku ool ah looga saaro biyahan isku dhafka falcelinta. Tani waxay yaraynaysaa falcelinta labaad (gaar ahaan samaynta polydextrose) ee ka dhaca joogitaanka biyaha. Waxtarka uumi-baxa ee marxaladda falcelinta waxay ku xiran tahay cadaadiska oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale aagga uumiga, iwm. Cadaadiska falcelinta caadiga ah ee transacetalization iyo kala duwanaanta isku-dhafka tooska ah waxay u dhexeeyaan 20 iyo 100mbar.
Qodob kale oo muhiim ah oo lagu hagaajinayo waa horumarinta kicinta xulashada ee habka glycosidation, sidaas darteed xannibaya, tusaale ahaan, samaynta polyglucose iyo etherification. Sida horeba loo soo sheegay, acetal ama acetal acetal ee Fischer synthesis ayaa lagu daboolaa acids. Mabda 'ahaan, acid kasta oo awood ku filan ayaa ku habboon ujeedadan, sida sulfuricene iyo suluktonic acid. Succinic acid.Heerka falcelintu waxay ku xidhan tahay aysidhka iyo fiirsashada asiidhka ee khamriga. Dareen-celinta labaad ee sidoo kale lagu kicin karo acids (tusaale ahaan, polyglucose formation) ayaa ugu horrayn ku dhaca marxaladda polar (biyaha raadraaca) ee isku dhafka falcelinta, iyo silsiladaha alkyl kuwaas oo la dhimi karo isticmaalka hydrophobic acids (tusaale, alkyl benzenesulfonic) falcelinta ayaa ka yar.
Falcelinta ka dib, kicinta aashitada ayaa lagu dhex milmay saldhig ku habboon, sida sodium hydroxide iyo magnesium oxide. Isku darka falcelinta dhexdhexaadka ah waa xal jaale ah oo cirro leh oo ka kooban 50 ilaa 80 boqolkiiba khamriga dufanka leh. Aalkolada dufanku ku badan tahay waxaa ugu wacan saamiga molarka ee karbohaydraytyada iyo alkolada dufanka leh. Saamigan waxaa loo habeeyey si loo helo DP gaar ah oo loogu talagalay alkyl polyglycosides warshadaha, oo badiyaa waa inta u dhaxaysa 1:2 iyo 1:6.
Khamriga dufanka leh ee xad-dhaafka ah waxaa lagu saarayaa nadiifinta faakuumka. Shuruudaha xuduudaha ee muhiimka ah waxaa ka mid ah:
-Hadhaaga aalkolada dufanka leh ee alaabta ku jirta waa inay ahaadaan<1% sababtoo ah kuwa kale
milanka xigmadda leh iyo urta ayaa si xun u saameeya.
- Si loo yareeyo samaynta alaabada pyrolysis-ka ee aan la rabin ama qaybaha midabaynta, cadaadiska kulaylka iyo wakhtiga joogitaanka badeecada la beegsanayo waa in loo hayaa sida ugu hooseeya ee suurtogalka ah iyadoo ku xiran dhererka silsiladda khamriga.
- Ma jiro monoglycoside ma geli karo distillate-ka sababtoo ah distillate-ka ayaa dib loogu warshadeeyaa fal-celinta sida khamriga dufanka leh.
Marka laga hadlayo dodecanol/tetradecanol, shuruudahan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in laga saaro aalkolada dufanka leh ee xad-dhaafka ah, kuwaas oo inta badan lagu qanco iyada oo loo marayo ditillation multistage. Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in maaddada khamriga dufanka leh ay hoos u dhacdo, mawqifka ayaa si weyn u kordhaya. Tani waxay si cad u wiiqaysaa kulaylka iyo isu wareejinta tirada badan ee wejiga ugu dambeeya ee nadiifinta.
Sidaa darteed, uumi-baxayaasha dhuuban ama gaaban ayaa la door bidaa. Uumi-baxayaashan, filimka makaanikada ah ee dhaqaaqa wuxuu bixiyaa wax ka badan waxtarka uumiga iyo wakhtiga deggenaanshaha alaabta oo gaaban, iyo sidoo kale faakuum wanaagsan. Badeecada ugu dambeysa ee ka-baxa ka dib waa ku dhawaad ​​alkyl polyglycoside saafi ah, kaas oo u urura sidii adag oo leh dhibic dhalaalaysa 70 ℃ ilaa 150 ℃. Tallaabooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee habka alkyl synthesis waxaa lagu soo koobay sawirka 5.

Iyadoo ku xiran habka wax-soo-saarka ee la isticmaalo, hal ama laba qulqulka wareegga khamriga ayaa ku urura soo saarista alkyl polyglycoside; aalkolada dufanka leh ee xad dhaafka ah, halka aalkolada silsiladda gaaban si buuxda loo soo kabsan karo. Aalkoladaan waxaa laga yaabaa in dib loo isticmaalo falcelinada xiga. Baahida nadiifinta ama inta jeer ee talaabooyinka nadiifinta la qaadayo waxay ku xidhan tahay wasakhda ku urursan khamriga. Tani waxay inta badan ku xiran tahay tayada tillaabooyinka hore (tusaale falcelinta, ka saarista khamriga).
Ka dib marka la saaro khamriga dufanka leh, walaxda firfircoon ee alkyl polyglycoside si toos ah ayaa loogu milmaa biyaha si ay u abuurto koollo aad u sarreeya oo ah 50 ilaa 70 % alkyl polyglycoside. Tallaabooyinka sifaynta ee xiga, koolladan waxa laga soo shaqeeyey wax soo saar tayo leh oo lagu qanco iyada oo la raacayo shuruudaha waxqabadka la xidhiidha. Talaabooyinkan sifayntu waxay ka koobnaan karaan biliijka alaabta, hagaajinta sifooyinka alaabta, sida qiimaha Ph iyo waxa ku jira walxaha firfircoon, iyo xasilinta microbial. Suugaanta patent-ka, waxaa jira tusaalooyin badan oo ah biliijing-ka-yareeya iyo oksaydhative-ka iyo hababka laba-heer ee biliijka oksaydhka iyo xasilinta dhimista. Dedaalka iyo markaa qiimaha ku lug leh tallaabooyinkan habraaca si loo helo sifooyin tayo leh, sida midabka, waxay ku xiran yihiin shuruudaha waxqabadka, qalabka bilawga ah, DP loo baahan yahay iyo tayada tallaabooyinka habraaca.
Jaantuska 6 wuxuu muujinayaa habka wax soo saarka warshadaha ee silsiladda dheer ee alkyl polyglycosides (C12/14 APG) iyada oo loo marayo isku-dhafka tooska ah)