Shuruudaha naqshadeynta warshad wax-soo-saarka alkyl glycoside ee ku saleysan isku-darka Fisher waxay inta badan ku xiran tahay nooca karbohaydrayt ee la isticmaalo iyo dhererka silsiladda alkolada la isticmaalo. . Alkyl polyglycosides kuwaas oo, DP la siiyay, aan ku milmi karin biyaha aawadood alkolada la isticmaalay (tirada C atamka ee alkyl chian≥16) ayaa si gaar ah loola macaamilaa.
Marka la eego xaaladda alkyl polyglucoside synthesis oo ay katalyayso acid, alaabada labaad sida polyglucose ether iyo wasakh midab leh ayaa la sameeyaa. , sida heerkulka, cadaadiska, waqtiga falcelinta, kicinta, iwm. Mid ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka lagu xalliyo horumarinta warshadaha alkyl polyglycosides wax soo saarka sannadihii la soo dhaafay waa in la yareeyo formation of alaabta sare ee la xidhiidha synthesis.
Guud ahaan, alkohol-ku-salaysan silsilad-gaaban (C8/10-OH) iyo DP hooseeya (khamriga badan oo khamriga ah) alkyl glycosides ayaa leh dhibaatooyinka ugu yar ee wax soo saarka. Marxaladda falcelinta, kororka khamriga xad-dhaafka ah, wax soo saarka alaabada labaad ayaa hoos u dhacda. Waxay yaraynaysaa cadaadiska kulaylka waxayna ka saartaa aalkolada xad-dhaafka ah inta lagu jiro samaynta alaabta pyrolysis.
Fisher glycosides waxa lagu tilmaami karaa hab ay gulukoosku si degdeg ah uga falceliso tallaabada ugu horreysa, isla markaana la gaadho dheellitirka oligomer. isku darka falcelinta ee dhaaftay wakhtiga falcelinta ugu fiicnayd waxa loo yaqaan falcelinta xad dhaafka ah.Haddii falcelinta la joojiyo wakhti hore, isku darka falcelinta ka dhalanaysa waxay ka kooban tahay xaddi badan oo gulukoos ah.
Luminta walxaha firfircoon ee alkyl glucoside ee isku dhafka falcelinta waxay xiriir wanaagsan la leedahay sameynta polyglucose. Xaaladda fal-celinta xad-dhaafka ah, isku-darka fal-celinta ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u noqotaa polyphase mar kale iyada oo loo marayo roobabka polyglucose. Sidaa darteed, tayada badeecada iyo wax-soo-saarka badeecada ayaa si weyn u saameeya wakhtiga joojinta falcelinta. Laga bilaabo gulukoos adag, alkyl glycosides ee alaabta labaad waa maadada hoose, taas oo u oggolaanaysa qaybaha kale ee polar (polyglucose) iyo karbohaydraytyada soo hadhay in laga sifeeyo isku dhafka falcelinta ee aan waligood si buuxda uga falcelin.
Habka la wanaajiyey, fiirsashada badeecada etherification waa mid aad u hooseeya (waxay kuxirantahay heerkulka falcelinta, waqtiga, nooca kicinta iyo feejignaanta, iwm.).
Jaantuska 4 wuxuu muujinayaa habka caadiga ah ee falcelinta tooska ah ee dextrose iyo aalkolada dufanka leh (C12/14-OH).

Heerkulka iyo cadaadiska cabbiraadaha falcelinta waxay si dhow ula xiriiraan midba midka kale ee falcelinta fischer glycation.Si loo soo saaro alkyl polyglycosides oo leh alaabooyin hoose oo hooseeya, cadaadiska iyo heerkulka waa in la waafajiyaa midba midka kale oo si adag loo xakameeyo.
Alkyl polyglycosides waxay ku hooseeyaan alaabada sare ee ay sababtay heerkulka falcelinta hoose (100 ℃) ee acetalization. Si kastaba ha noqotee, heerkulka hooseeya wuxuu keenaa waqtiyo falcelin oo aad u dheer (waxay kuxirantahay dhererka silsiladda khamriga) iyo waxtarka fal-celinta gaarka ah oo hooseeya. Heerkulka dareen-celinta ee u dhiganta sare (100 ℃, sida caadiga ah 110-120 ℃) ​​waxay keeni kartaa isbeddel ku yimaada midabka karbohaydraytyada. Adiga oo ka saaraya alaabada falcelinta ee karkarinta hoose (biyaha ku jira isku-dhafka tooska ah, alkolada silsilad-gaaban ee habka transacetalization) ee isku dhafka falcelinta, dheellitirka acetalization ayaa loo wareejiyay dhinaca alaabta. Haddii xaddi badan oo biyo ah la soo saaro halbeeg kasta, tusaale ahaan heerkulka falcelinta sare, waa in la sameeyaa si wax ku ool ah looga saaro biyahan isku dhafka falcelinta. Tani waxay yaraynaysaa falcelinta labaad (gaar ahaan samaynta polydextrose) ee ka dhaca joogitaanka biyaha. Waxtarka uumi-baxa ee marxaladda falcelinta waxay ku xiran tahay cadaadiska oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale aagga uumiga, iwm. Cadaadiska falcelinta caadiga ah ee transacetalization iyo kala duwanaanta isku-dhafka tooska ah waxay u dhexeeyaan 20 iyo 100mbar.
Qodob kale oo muhiim ah oo lagu hagaajinayo waa horumarinta kicinta xulashada ee habka glycosidation, sidaas darteed xannibaya, tusaale ahaan, samaynta polyglucose iyo etherification.Sida horeba loo soo sheegay, acetal ama acetal acetal ee Fischer synthesis ayaa lagu xakameynayaa acids. Mabda'a, acid kasta oo awood ku filan leh. waxay ku haboon tahay ujeedadaas, sida sulfuric acid, p-toluene iyo alkyl benzenesulfonic acid iyo sulfonic acid. Tusaale ahaan, samaynta polyglucose) waxay ku dhacdaa ugu horrayn marxaladda polar (biyaha raadraaca) ee isku darka falcelinta, iyo silsiladaha alkyl ee lagu yarayn karo isticmaalka asiidhyada hydrophobic (tusaale, alkyl benzenesulfonic acid) ayaa lagu kala diraa ugu horrayn marxaladda cirifka yar ee isku darka falcelinta.
Falcelinta ka dib, kicinta aashitada ayaa lagu dhex milmay saldhig ku habboon, sida sodium hydroxide iyo magnesium oxide. Isku darka falcelinta dhexdhexaadka ah waa xal jaale ah oo cirro leh oo ka kooban 50 ilaa 80 boqolkiiba khamriga dufanka leh. Aalkolada dufanku ku badan tahay waxaa ugu wacan saamiga molarka ee karbohaydraytyada iyo alkolada dufanka leh. Saamigan waxaa loo habeeyey si loo helo DP gaar ah oo loogu talagalay alkyl polyglycosides warshadaha, oo badiyaa inta u dhaxaysa 1:2 iyo 1:6.
Khamriga dufanka leh ee xad-dhaafka ah waxaa lagu saarayaa nadiifinta faakuumka. Shuruudaha xuduudaha ee muhiimka ah waxaa ka mid ah:
-Hadhaaga aalkolada dufanka leh ee alaabta ku jirta waa inay ahaadaan<1% sababtoo ah kuwa kale
milanka xigmadda leh iyo urta ayaa si xun u saameeya.
- Si loo yareeyo samaynta alaabada pyrolysis-ka ee aan la rabin ama qaybaha midabaynta, cadaadiska kulaylka iyo wakhtiga joogitaanka badeecada la beegsanayo waa in loo hayaa sida ugu hooseeya ee suurtogalka ah iyadoo ku xiran dhererka silsiladda khamriga.
- Ma jiro monoglycoside ma gelin distillate-ka sababtoo ah distillate-ka ayaa dib loogu warshadeeyaa fal-celinta sida khamriga dufanka leh ee saafiga ah.
Marka laga hadlayo dodecanol/tetradecanol, shuruudahan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in laga saaro aalkolada dufanka leh ee xad-dhaafka ah, kuwaas oo inta badan lagu qanco iyada oo loo marayo ditillation multistage. Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in maaddada khamriga dufanka leh ay hoos u dhacdo, mawqifka ayaa si weyn u kordhaya. Tani waxay si cad u wiiqaysaa kulaylka iyo isu wareejinta tirada badan ee wejiga ugu dambeeya ee nadiifinta.
Sidaa darteed, uumi-baxayaasha dhuuban ama gaaban ayaa la door bidaa. Uumi-baxayaashan, filimka makaanikada ah ee dhaqaaqa wuxuu bixiyaa wax ka badan waxtarka uumiga iyo wakhtiga deggenaanshaha alaabta oo gaaban, iyo sidoo kale faakuum wanaagsan. Badeecada ugu dambeysa ee ka-baxa ka dib waa ku dhawaad ​​​​alkyl polyglycoside saafi ah, kaas oo u urura sidii adag oo leh dhibic dhalaalaysa 70 ℃ ilaa 150 ℃. Tallaabooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee habka alkyl synthesis waxaa lagu soo koobay sawirka 5.

Iyada oo ku xidhan habka wax soo saarka ee la isticmaalo, hal ama laba qulqulka wareegga alkohol ayaa ku urura wax soo saarka alkyl polyglycoside; aalkolada dufanka leh ee xad dhaafka ah, halka aalkolada silsilad gaaban si buuxda loo soo kabsan karo. Aalkoladaan waxaa laga yaabaa in dib loo isticmaalo falcelinada xiga. Baahida nadiifinta ama inta jeer ee talaabooyinka nadiifinta la qaadayo waxay ku xidhan tahay wasakhda ku urursan khamriga. Tani waxay inta badan ku xiran tahay tayada tillaabooyinka hore (tusaale falcelinta, ka saarista khamriga).
Ka dib marka la saaro khamriga dufanka leh, walaxda firfircoon ee alkyl polyglycoside si toos ah ayaa loogu milmaa biyaha si ay u abuurto koollo aad u sarreeya oo ah 50 ilaa 70 % alkyl polyglycoside. Tallaabooyinka sifaynta ee xiga, koolladan waxa laga soo shaqeeyey wax soo saar tayo leh oo lagu qanco iyada oo la raacayo shuruudaha waxqabadka la xidhiidha. Talaabooyinkan sifayntu waxay ka koobnaan karaan biliijka alaabta, hagaajinta sifooyinka alaabta, sida qiimaha Ph iyo waxa ku jira walxaha firfircoon, iyo xasilinta microbial. Suugaanta patent-ka, waxaa jira tusaalooyin badan oo ah biliijing-ka-yareeya iyo oksaydhative-ka iyo hababka laba-heer ee biliijka oksaydhka iyo xasilinta dhimista. Dedaalka iyo markaa qiimaha ku lug leh tallaabooyinkan habraaca si loo helo sifooyin tayo leh, sida midabka, waxay ku xiran yihiin shuruudaha waxqabadka, qalabka bilawga ah, DP loo baahan yahay iyo tayada tallaabooyinka habraaca.
Jaantuska 6 wuxuu muujinayaa habka wax soo saarka warshadaha ee silsiladda dheer ee alkyl polyglycosides (C12/14 APG) iyada oo loo marayo isku-dhafka tooska ah)