HORDHAC ALKYL POLYGLUCOSIDES

Alkyl glucosides waxay ka kooban yihiin hadhaaga alkyl hydrophobic oo laga soo qaatay aalkolada dufanka leh iyo qaab dhismeedka saccharide hydrophilic oo laga soo qaatay D-glucose, kuwaas oo ku xidhan curaarta glycosidic. Alkyl glucosides waxay muujinayaan hadhaaga alkyl oo leh qiyaastii atamka C6-C18, sidoo kale inta badan surfactants ka soo jeeda qaybaha kale ee walxaha, tusaale ahaan alkyl polyglycol ethers-ka caanka ah. Dabeecadda caanka ah waa kooxda madaxa ee hydrophilic, oo ay ka kooban yihiin qaab-dhismeedyo saccharide ah oo leh hal ama dhowr unug glycosidically isku xiran oo D-glucose ah. Kiimikada dabiiciga ah, unugyada D-glucose waxay ka soo jeedaan karbohaydraytyada, kuwaas oo si weyn looga helo dabeecadda oo dhan qaab sonkor ama oligo iyo polysaccharides. Tani waa sababta unugyada D-glucose ay u yihiin doorasho cad oo loogu talagalay kooxda madaxa ee hydrophilic ee surfactants, maadaama karbohaydraytyadu ay yihiin kuwo aan la dhammayn karin, oo la cusboonaysiin karo. Alkyl glucosides waxaa lagu matali karaa qaab la fududeeyay oo la isku koobay iyada oo loo eegayo qaacidadooda dhabta ah.

Qaab dhismeedka unugyada D-glucose waxay muujinayaan 6 atamka kaarboon. Tirada unugyada D-glucose ee alkyl polyglucosides waa n=1 ee alkyl monoglucosides, n=2 ee alkyl diglucosides, n=3 alkyl triglucosides, iyo wixii la mid ah. Suugaanta, isku dhafka alkyl glucosides oo leh tirooyin kala duwan oo ah unugyada D-glucose ayaa badanaa loo yaqaan alkyl oligoglucosides ama alkyl polyglucosides. In kasta oo magacaabista "alkyl oligoglucoside" ay si sax ah u saxan tahay macnaha guud, ereyga "alkyl polyglucoside" badanaa waa marin habaabin, maadaama surfactant alkyl polyglucosides ay dhif tahay inay ka kooban yihiin wax ka badan shan unug D-glucose sidaas darteedna maaha polymers. Qaababka alkyl polyglucosides, n waxa ay tilmaamaysaa celceliska tirada unugyada D-glucose, tusaale ahaan, heerka polymerization n kaas oo inta badan u dhexeeya 1 iyo 5. Dhererka silsiladda haraaga alkyl hydrophobic caadi ahaan waa inta u dhaxaysa X=6 iyo X= 8 atamka kaarboon.

Habka loo soo saaro surfactant alkyl glucosides, gaar ahaan xulashada alaabta ceeriin, waxay awood u siinaysaa kala duwanaansho ballaaran oo alaabooyinka dhammaadka ah, kuwaas oo laga yaabo inay noqdaan alkyl glucosides kiimiko ahaan saafi ah ama isku-darka alkyl glucosides. Kan hore, xeerarka caadiga ah ee magac-u-dhigista ee loo isticmaalo kimistariga karbohaydraytyada ayaa lagu dabaqay qoraalkan. Isku-darka alkyl glucosides ee inta badan loo shaqeeyo sidii qalab farsamaysan ayaa caadi ahaan loo bixiyaa magacyo yar yar sida "alkyl polyglucosides," ama "APGs." Sharaxaada waxaa lagu bixiyaa qoraalka marka loo baahdo.

Qaaciddada la taaban karo ma muujinayso stereochemistry kakan iyo shaqeynta badan ee alkyl glucosides. Hadhaaga alkyl ee silsiladda dheer waxaa laga yaabaa inay lahaadaan qalfoofka kaarboonka tooska ah ama laamoodka ah, in kasta oo hadhaaga alkyl ee toosan inta badan la door bidayo. Kiimiko ahaan, dhammaan unugyada D-glucose waa polyhydroxyacetals, kuwaas oo sida caadiga ah ku kala duwan qaab-dhismeedka giraanta (laga soo bilaabo 5-xubnood furan oo furan ama lix xubnood oo ka mid ah giraanta pyran) iyo sidoo kale qaabeynta anomeric ee qaabka acetal. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxaa jira fursado kala duwan oo loogu talagalay nooca glycosidic bonds ee u dhexeeya unugyada D-glucose ee alkyl oligosaccharides. Gaar ahaan hadhaaga saccharide ee alkyl polyglucosides, kala duwanaanshiyahan suurtagalka ah waxay u horseedaan noocyo badan, qaabab kiimiko oo adag, taasoo ka dhigaysa magacaabista walxahan mid aad u adag.