Kooxaha shaqaynaya ee sulfonated ama sulfate by SO3 waxa inta badan loo qaybiyaa 4 qaybood; giraanta benzene, kooxda hydroxyl khamriga, bond double, A-carbon ee kooxda Ester, alaabta ceeriin ee u dhiganta waa alkylbenzene, alkohol baruurta (ether), olefin, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), alaabta caadiga ah waa linear warshadaha alkyl benzene sulfonate (hadda ka dib). loo yaqaan LAS), AS, AES, AOS iyo MES. Kuwa soo socda si loo soo bandhigo heerka horumarka ee sulfonic acid iyo sulfate surfactants sida ay u kala sooceen kooxaha functional organic waxaa sulfonated karaa by SO3.

2.1 alkylaryl sulfonates
Alkyl aryl sulfonate waxaa loola jeedaa fasalka surfactants sulfonate oo ay diyaariyeen falcelinta sulfonation oo leh sulfur trioxide oo leh giraan caraf udgoon ah sida kooxda shaqaynaysa organic. Alaabooyinka caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah LAS iyo silsilad dheer alkyl benzene sulfonate, Heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate (HABS), petroleum sulfonate iyo alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate, iwm.

2.1.1 Warshadaha linear alkyl benzene sulfonate
LAS waxaa lagu helaa sulfonation, gabowga, hydrolysis iyo dhexdhexaadinta alkylbenzene. LAS waxaa badanaa lagu kaydiyaa oo lagu iibiyaa qaabka alkylbenzene sulfonic acid. Isticmaalka dhabta ah, waxaa lagu nadiifiyaa alkali. Waxa kale oo jira oo loo kaydiyaa oo loo iibiyaa qaab ahaan sida cusbada sodium. LAS waxay leedahay qoyn wanaagsan, emulsifying, xumbo iyo saabuun, waxayna si fiican ula jaanqaadi kartaa walxaha kale (AOS, AES, AEO), waxayna leedahay codsiyo badan oo kala duwan oo ku saabsan goobaha lagu dhaqo guriga sida budada dhaqida, saabuunta iyo dareeraha dhaqida. Khasaarada LAS waa caabbinta liidata ee biyaha adag. Caadi ahaan waa lagama maarmaan in lagu daro kaalshiyamka iyo walxaha ion magnesium inta lagu jiro isticmaalka. Intaa waxaa dheer, LAS aad bay u hoos u dhigtaa oo waxay leedahay cuncun maqaarka ah.
2.1.2 silsilad dheer oo alkyl benzene sulfonate
Silsiladda dheer ee alkyl benzene sulfonate caadi ahaan waxaa loola jeedaa fasalka surfactants leh dhererka silsilad kaarboon ka weyn 13, kaas oo leh waxqabadka codsiga wanaagsan ee soo kabashada saliidda sare, oo waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu daro alkyl benzene sulfonate culus. Habka guud waa in loo isticmaalo HF kataliye ahaan si loo sameeyo ficil alkylation by wax soo saarka fuuqbaxa dareere culus, sida alkanes-dheer, olelfin isku dar ah Benzene ama Xylene si loogu diyaariyo silsilad Long alkyl benzene. Ka dib isticmaal xuubka SO3 sulfonation si aad u diyaarisid silsiladda dheer ee alkylbenzene sulfonic acid.
2.1.3 Alkyl benzene sulfonate culus
Alkylbenzene sulfonate culus waa mid ka mid ah dabaylaha ugu muhiimsan ee loo isticmaalo daadadka goobta saliidda. Walxaha ceeriin ee culus alkylbenzene waa ka-soo-saarka habka wax-soo-saarka ee dodecylbenzene, wax-soo-saarku wuu hooseeyaa (<10%), sidaas darteed isha ay ka soo jeeddaa waa xaddidan tahay. Qaybaha alkylbenzene culus waa kuwo aad u adag, oo ay ku jiraan alkylbenzene, dialkylbenzene,
diphenylene, alkylindane, tetralin iyo wixii la mid ah.
2.1.4 Batroolka sulfonate
Sulfonate batroolka waa nooc ka mid ah surfactant ay diyaarisay SO3 sulfonation of petroleum distillate oil. Diyaarinta sulfonate batroolka sida caadiga ah waxay isticmaashaa saliidda distillate batroolka deegaanka ee saliidda sida alaab ceeriin ah. Habka sulfonation-ka waxaa ka mid ah: gaaska SO3 sulfonation film, dareere SO3 kettle sulfonation, iyo gaaska SO3 sulfonation spray.
2.1.5 Alkyl Diphenyl Ether Disulfonate (ADPEDS)
Alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate waa nooc ka mid ah surfactants shaqeynaya oo leh kooxo labanlaab ah oo sulfonic acid ah oo ku jira molecule. Waxay leedahay codsiyo gaar ah oo ku saabsan polymerization emulsion, nadiifinta guriga iyo warshadaha, daabacaadda dharka iyo dheehidda. Marka la barbar dhigo surfactants monosulfonate dhaqameed (sida LAS), kooxaha disulfonic acid waxay ku siinayaa qaar ka mid ah guryaha gaarka ah ee jirka iyo kiimikada, kuwaas oo aad u wanaagsan milanka iyo xasiloonida in 20% acid xoog, alkali xoog leh, cusbo inorganic iyo xal wakiilka bleaching. Waxay ka kooban tahay monoalkyl diphenyl ether bissulfonate (MADS), monoalkyl diphenyl ether monosulfonate (MAMS), iyo dialkyl Diphenyl ether bissulfonate (DADS) iyo bisalkyl diphenyl ether monosulfonate (DAMS) ayaa ka kooban, qaybta ugu weyn waa MADS, iyo waxa ku jira waa in ka badan. 80% Alaabta sulfonated ee alkyl diphenyl ether, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonic acid, waxay leedahay viscosity aad u sarreeya. Guud ahaan, dichloroethane waxa loo isticmaalaa dareere ahaan waxaana lagu diyaariyaa habka sulfonation kittle.